What exactly is called hyperactive? Hyperactivity disorder actually been known since about 1900 in the medical world, on subsequent developments began to emerge the term ADHD (Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder). To be called a hyperactivity disorder, there should be three main symptoms that appear in a child's behavior, namely inatensi, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Inatensi
Inatensi or less concentration of attention can be seen from a child's failure to give full attention to something, the child is not able to maintain his concentration on something, so it is easy to switch attention from one thing to another.
Hyperactivity
Symptoms of hyperactivity can be seen from the behavior of children who can not be silent, sit quietly is something hard to do. He will get up and running, running to and fro, and even climb-climb. In addition, it tends to cause a lot of talk and noise.
Impulsive
Impulsive symptoms characterized by difficulty the child to delay the response, There is a kind of encouragement to say / do something uncontrollable. The impulse urges to be expressed immediately and without consideration, a real example of impulsive symptoms are impatient behavior. Children will not wait to wait for people to complete the talks, the child will be interrupted or rush to answer before the question is finished posed. Children also can not to wait their turn, like queuing for instance. The other side of the child's impulsivity is a high potential for harmful activities, both for himself and others.
The third addition to the above symptoms, to be given a diagnosis of hyperactivity are still some other conditions. The above disturbance has settled at least 6 months, and occurred before the child was 7 years old. These symptoms appear in at least two situations, for example at home and at school.
The problems commonly experienced by children hyperactive:
1.Masalah school
Children are not able to follow the lessons delivered by teachers with good, easily distracted concentration makes children can not absorb the subject matter as a whole. Short attention span makes children want to get it over when working on school assignments, talking high tendency would interfere with children and friends who talk so that the teacher would have thought that the child is not paying attention. Many found that many hyperactive children have difficulty reading, writing, language, and math. Especially for writing, hyperactive children have the fine motor skills that are generally not as good as normal children
2.Masalah home
Compared with other children, hyperactive children are usually more prone to anxiety and discouragement. In addition, he is experiencing psychosomatic disorders (health problems caused by psychological factors) such as headache and abdominal pain. It is associated with low tolerance for frustration, so that when experiencing disappointment, he easily emotional. In addition hyperactive children tend to be stubborn and irritable if her demands were not immediately met, the obstacles tersbut make children become less able to adjust to the environment. Naughty child is seen and it is not uncommon to experience rejection from both family and friends, because often made annoyance, parents often treat children less than warm. Parents then a lot of control of the child, full supervision, much criticized, even punishment. Reaction anakpun refused and rebelled. As a result of tension between parents and children, both children and parents become stressed, and the situation becomes less comfortable rumahpun. As a result, children become more easily frustrated. Failure socializing everywhere foster a negative self concept. Children will feel that they are bad, always failing, inadequate, and rejected.
3.Masalah talk
Hyperactive children usually like to talk, he was a lot of talk, but actually less efficient in communicating. Attention deficit disorder makes him difficult to perform mutual communication, hyperactive children tend to be preoccupied with themselves and less able to respond to the other person appropriately.
physical 4.Masalah
In general, hyperactive children have high levels of physical health is not as good as other kids, some disorders such as asthma, allergies, and throat infections are common. At the time of sleep is usually also not as smooth as other children. Many hyperactive children who have trouble sleeping and often wake up at night. In addition, high levels of physical activity children are also at high risk for accidents such as falls, sprains, and so on.
Here are the factors that cause hyperactivity in children:
1.Faktor neurologic
• The incidence of higher hyperactivity found in infants born with prenatal issues such as the length of labor, fetal distress, delivery by forceps extraction, toxaemias gravidarum or eclampsia compared with normal pregnancy and childbirth. In addition, factors such as babies born with low birth weight, mothers who are too young, mothers who smoke and drink alcohol also elevate the incidence of hyperactivity
• The occurrence of poor brain development, in the field neuoralogi etiologic factor which until now widely adopted is a dysfunction in one of the neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is an active substance that is useful to maintain the concentration process
• Some studies show disturbance of blood perfusion in certain areas in hyperactive children, namely in the striatum, the region-orbital prefrontal, orbital-limbic brain regions, especially the right hand side
2.Faktor toxic
Some food substances such as salicylates and preservatives have the potential to form a hyperactive behavior in children. In addition, levels of lead (lead) in the blood serum of children increases, mothers who smoke and consume alcohol, exposed to X-rays during pregnancy can also give birth candidates hyperactive children.
3.Faktor genetic
The high correlation of hyperactivity that occurs in families with hyperactive children, approximately 25-35% of the parents and siblings will decrease childhood hyperactivity in children. It is also seen in twins.
Psychosocial and environmental 4.Faktor
In the hyperactive children often found that the relationship between parents mistakenly considered his son.
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